Freddy the Robot Took the Fall for AI
Its creator lost a power struggle that led to an AI winter in the 1970s
30 Apr 2025
9 min read
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history of robotics News & Articles
“history of robotics”
![Makoto Nishimura [left] and his team designed Gakutensoku’s head so that it could express human affect.](https://spectrum.ieee.org/media-library/makoto-nishimura-left-and-his-team-designed-gakutensokus-head-so-that-it-could-express-human-affect.jpg?id=25591688&width=1200&height=900)
