X-rays Map the 3D Interior of Integrated Circuits

With X-ray ptychography, researchers take the first step toward being able to easily map a chip for reverse engineering

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A reconstruction of the wiring and transistors of an Intel G3260 processor
This reconstruction from X-ray diffraction data illuminates layers of copper wiring (yellow) down to the transistor level inside an Intel G3260 processor
Image: Mirko Holler