Dr. Heather M. Roff is a senior research analyst at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in the National Security Analysis Department. She is also a nonresident fellow in foreign policy at Brookings Institution, and an associate fellow at the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence at the University of Cambridge. She has held numerous faculty posts, as well as fellowships at New America. Before joining APL, she was a senior research scientist in the ethics and society team at DeepMind and a senior research fellow in the department of international relations at the University of Oxford.