IEEE.org IEEE Xplore Digital Library IEEE Standards More Sites
Sign In Join IEEE
FOR THE TECHNOLOGY INSIDER
Explore by topic
Aerospace Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Climate Tech Computing Consumer Electronics Energy History of Technology Robotics Semiconductors Telecommunications Transportation
IEEE Spectrum
FOR THE TECHNOLOGY INSIDER

Topics

Aerospace Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Climate Tech Computing Consumer Electronics Energy History of Technology Robotics Semiconductors Telecommunications Transportation

Sections

Features News Opinion Careers DIY Engineering Resources

More

Newsletters Podcasts Special Reports Collections Explainers Top Programming Languages Robots Guide ↗ IEEE Job Site ↗

For IEEE Members

Current Issue Magazine Archive The Institute The Institute Archive

For IEEE Members

Current Issue Magazine Archive The Institute The Institute Archive

IEEE Spectrum

About Us Contact Us Reprints & Permissions ↗ Advertising ↗

Follow IEEE Spectrum

Support IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Spectrum is the flagship publication of the IEEE — the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences. Our articles, podcasts, and infographics inform our readers about developments in technology, engineering, and science.
Join IEEE
Subscribe
About IEEE Contact & Support Accessibility Nondiscrimination Policy Terms IEEE Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences
© Copyright 2023 IEEE — All rights reserved. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

Enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account

Saving articles to read later requires an IEEE Spectrum account

The Institute content is only available for members

Downloading full PDF issues is exclusive for IEEE Members

Access to Spectrum 's Digital Edition is exclusive for IEEE Members

Following topics is a feature exclusive for IEEE Members

Adding your response to an article requires an IEEE Spectrum account

Create an account to access more content and features on IEEE Spectrum , including the ability to save articles to read later, download Spectrum Collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. For more exclusive content and features, consider Joining IEEE .

Join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to all of Spectrum’s articles, archives, PDF downloads, and other benefits. Learn more →

CREATE AN ACCOUNT SIGN IN
JOIN IEEE SIGN IN
Close

Access Thousands of Articles — Completely Free

Create an account and get exclusive content and features: Save articles, download collections, and talk to tech insiders — all free! For full access and benefits, join IEEE as a paying member.

CREATE AN ACCOUNT SIGN IN

Andrés Díaz

Andrés Díaz
Articles by
Marcos Santini [left], a student at the Puerto Rico Photonics Institute, works on optical dimensional metrology instruments with PRPI's lab technician, Francisco Rivera.
Careers Topic Type Special Reports News

One Year After Hurricane Maria, a Research Institute in Puerto Rico Struggles to Come Back

At the Puerto Rico Photonics Institute, a student overcomes incredible hardship to complete his studies on time

20 Sep 2018
4 min read

Trending Stories

The most-read stories on IEEE Spectrum right now

The Institute Topic Article Type History of Technology

Ethernet is Still Going Strong After 50 Years

Robotics Topic Type News Humanoid Robots

Video Friday: GR-1

Robotics Topic Type News

Robot Hand With Working Tendons Printed in One Go

About IEEE Contact & Support Accessibility Nondiscrimination Policy Terms IEEE Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences
© Copyright 2023 IEEE — All rights reserved. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.