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IEEE Spectrum is an award-winning technology magazine and the flagship publication of the IEEE, the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and the applied sciences. With roots going back to 1884, the IEEE promotes research conferences, publishes engineering journals, and is responsible for major technology standards, including most famously Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Spectrum's mission has remained the same since its founding in 1964: Our charter is to keep over 400,000 IEEE Members informed about major trends and developments in technology, engineering, and science. Our news stories, features, special reports, podcasts, videos, and infographics engage our readers with clear explanations about emerging concepts and developments with details they can’t get elsewhere.
IEEE Spectrum Editorial Staff
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Evan Ackerman, evan.ackerman@ieee.org
Samuel K. Moore, s.k.moore@ieee.org
Tekla S. Perry, t.perry@ieee.org
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Eliza Strickland, e.strickland@ieee.org
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Joseph N. Levine, j.levine@ieee.org
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Michele Kogon, m.kogon@ieee.org
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Alan Gardner, a.gardner@ieee.org
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CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Robert N. Charette, Steven Cherry, Charles Q. Choi, Peter Fairley, Maria Gallucci, W. Wayt Gibbs, Mark Harris, Jeremy Hsu, Allison Marsh, Prachi Patel, Megan Scudellari, Lawrence Ulrich, Emily Waltz
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EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD, IEEE SPECTRUM
Susan Hassler, Chair; David C. Brock, Robert N. Charette, Ronald F. DeMara, Shahin Farshchi, Lawrence O. Hall, Jason K. Hui, Leah Jamieson, Mary Lou Jepsen, Deepa Kundur, Peter Luh, Michel Maharbiz, Somdeb Majumdar, Allison Marsh, Carmen Menoni, Sofia Olhede, Wen Tong, Maurizio Vecchione
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD, THE INSTITUTE
Kathy Pretz, Chair; Qusi Alqarqaz, Philip Chen, Shashank Gaur, Lawrence O. Hall, Susan Hassler, Peter Luh, Cecilia Metra, San Murugesan, Mirela Sechi Annoni Notare, Joel Trussell, Hon K. Tsang, Chenyang Xu
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Aviva Rothman, arothman@naylor.com
IEEE Spectrum Editorial Advisory Board
Chair, IEEE Senior Member, IEEE Spectrum Editor-in-Chief
Susan Hassler
IEEE Member, Computer History Museum
David C. Brock
IEEE Senior Member, ITABHI Corp.
Robert N. Charette
IEEE Senior Member, Stanford University
Ronald F. DeMara
IEEE Member, Partner, Lux Capital
Shahin Farshchi
IEEE Fellow, University of South Florida
Lawrence O. Hall
IEEE Senior Member, Elbit Systems of America
Jason K. Hui
IEEE Fellow, Purdue University
Leah Jamieson
IEEE Member, CEO and Founder, Openwater
Mary Lou Jepsen
IEEE Fellow, University of Toronto
Deepa Kundur
IEEE Life Fellow, University of Connecticut
Peter Luh
IEEE Senior Member, University of California, Berkeley
Michel Maharbiz
IEEE Member, Intel
Somdeb Majumdar
IEEE Senior Member, University of South Carolina
Allison Marsh
IEEE Fellow, Colorado State University
Carmen Menoni
IEEE Member, École Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
Sofia Olhede
IEEE Fellow, Huawei Technologies
Wen Tong
IEEE Member, Washington Global Health Alliance
Maurizio Vecchione
The Institute Editorial Advisory Board
Chair, The Institute Editor-in-Chief
Kathy Pretz
IEEE Senior Member
Qusi Alqarqaz
IEEE Fellow
Philip Chen
IEEE Member
Shashank Gaur
IEEE Fellow
Lawrence O. Hall
IEEE Senior member, IEEE spectrum Editor-in-chief
Susan Hassler
IEEE Life fellow
Peter Luh
IEEE Fellow
Cecilia Metra
IEEE life Member
San Murugesan
IEEE senior member
Mirela Sechi Annoni Notare
IEEE life fellow
Joel Trussell
IEEE Fellow
Hon K. Tsang
IEEE fellow
Chenyang Xu
IEEE Publication Services and Products Board
Chair
Lawrence O. Hall
Sergio Benedetto
Edhem Custovic
Stefano Galli
James Irvine
Clem Karl
Hulya Kirkici
Fabrizio Lombardi
Aleksandar Mastilovic
Sorel Reisman
Gaurav Sharma
Isabel Trancoso
Maria Elena Valcher
Peter Winzer
Bin Zhao