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Electronic Treasures of the David Sarnoff Collection

Rare artifacts from the Golden Age of radio and television are featured in a new exhibition

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Electronic Treasures of the David Sarnoff Collection
Photo: Suzanne Kantak

Photo: Suzanne Kantak
RCA Victor 45-rpm record player (c. 1950):  Before World War II, records were made of a shellac-based mixture, which could withstand the pressure of a steel phonograph needle while spinning at 78 revolutions per minute (rpm) but generated a lot of background noise during playback. The introduction of vinyl resins greatly reduced this audio interference and allowed for smaller discs with more grooves. RCA Victor engineer Benjamin Carson took advantage of vinyl’s improved properties to develop the 45-rpm system. Released to the public in 1949, RCA’s new records held only 5 minutes of music per side, but the company also sold phonographs with a built-in changing mechanism, allowing a stack of 45s to be played consecutively with only a minimal delay between discs.

The history of the Radio Corporation of America is in many ways the history of 20th-century American innovation. From the company’s founding in 1919 to its sale in 1986, the RCA name was synonymous with products that shaped how Americans lived and worked. Long before the rise of Silicon Valley, RCA Laboratories, in Princeton, N.J., was at the center of the nation’s consumer electronics industry, harnessing the creative impulses of thousands of scientists, engineers, and technicians to systematize the invention of new technologies.

In October, a new exhibition highlighting RCA’s rich history opens at the College of New Jersey, in Ewing. It draws from the more than 6000 artifacts that the college inherited after the David Sarnoff Library—RCA’s main technical archive and museum—closed in 2009. (The IEEE Foundation funded a new study center connected to the exhibition.) The installation covers the development of radio, television, and broadcasting, as well as RCA’s work in liquid-crystal displays, electron microscopy, solid-state physics, and computers.

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