Of course, the recipients of all this good fortune
were the backers of the newly formed RCA, which
officially bought out American Marconi in April 1920.
RCA then went into a frenzy of marketing activity to
establish its brand and clear any confusion over who was
the new master of the wireless era. Trademarks such as
the vintage “World Wide Wireless” logo became prominent,
to indicate that RCA was in the business of transoceanic
and overland communications. It expanded the war-delayed
operations of American Marconi and accelerated the
introduction of new equipment to transmit and receive
signals, partnering with GE and, later, Westinghouse
Electric Corp. And it investigated a new portion of the
spectrum called “short wave” to identify any potential
business applications it might offer.
One of the first trademarks RCA registered was a
brand identity for its new line of receivers, Radiola.
In the fall of 1920, Westinghouse, which had missed out
on most of the profitable pieces of the radiotelephony
action RCA inherited, decided to fund an experiment in
its hometown of Pittsburgh—to transmit audio
transmissions to those who owned amateur reception sets
that monitored short-wave signals. Granted the call
letters KDKA, the new station was soon broadcasting
regularly scheduled programming to any users who could
monitor its transmission. A local department store
noticed the development and began offering low-end
receivers at cut-rate prices. The public caught the lure
and the store was mobbed with radio customers. They
could now listen to phonograph “concerts” and live news
and weather reports over the airwaves—for free. Within
weeks, a national craze was in full bloom. Demand for
low-cost receivers skyrocketed across the nation. And
the single biggest technology boom of the 1920s was
under way. Making money from using transmitters to
broadcast audio content to sell incredible numbers of
receivers was the most prosperous enterprise of the
decade. It was practically a license to print currency.
So RCA shifted its business model on a veritable
dime. The person who recommended the new approach to his
superiors was named David Sarnoff, the company’s
commercial manager, and he set out to make the name
Radiola synonymous with tuning in to broadcasting. While
RCA started out behind Westinghouse in the race to cash
in on receiver sales, it roared from behind in a hurry,
through product innovation and marketing, to overcome
the first mover. This is where Wenaas’s book becomes a
saga. Little that transpired from 1922, when RCA became
a serious player in the broadcast radio arena, to 1929,
when the first rumblings of a collapsing U.S. economy
threatened to disrupt the ravenous appetite of Americans
for newer and better radio sets (many of which were now
elegant appliances), escapes the author’s notice.
Wenaas covers the territory in such comprehensive
detail that the casual reader will be excused from doing
more than scanning the introductions and summaries of
chapters (and, of course, admiring the period
illustrations) and leaving to the hardcore enthusiast
the serious slogging through descriptions of new Radiola
models and accessories. He includes a valuable
afterword, in which he contributes a succinct account of
how RCA managed to weather the Great Depression years,
most notably by reorganizing its operations and removing
itself, with the help of federal antitrust regulation as
fate would provide, from the corporate parents that had
come to dominate its interests, notably GE,
Westinghouse, and AT&T. Beyond this, RCA’s progress
under the leadership of an ascendant David Sarnoff is a
story that most of the general public will know from
history lessons or childhood memories.
Obviously, Wenaas has poured his heart into this
work. Radiola is a
masterpiece in a magnifying glass, like an old-fashioned
form of artwork that emphasized exacting precision to
produce a landscape of wonderful detail. On the dust
jacket, he mentions that he “has been interested in
collecting antique radios and crystal sets since his
youth when he experimented with radio devices and
repaired radios and televisions as a hobby.” Now
retired, after a long career in electrical engineering
pursuits in the defense sector, Wenaas states that his
avocation has returned to understanding the history of
the first marvels of engineering produced in the Age of
Radio.
This handsome coffee-table book is a fine testament
to how seriously the author took that assignment. If
you’re a true radiophile too, you'll want to have a copy
of it.