The creator of BitTorrent, Bram Cohen, is a lifelong
puzzle master. His story is important to consider
because it personifies the do-it-yourself ethos that has
brought the online video revolution to life. The people
behind this are self-taught, self-motivated, and filling
a need that the corporate world can only vie to catch up
with. Cohen began coding by seeing how fast he could
crash the Timex Sinclair computer that his dad, a
bioinformatics professor, brought home in the early
1980s. He programmed his own Connect Four game and
competed in geek contests called Code Wars. But he
lasted only two years as a computer science student at
State University of New York in Buffalo before dropping
out. "You don't need a certificate to be a programmer,"
he says, "you just go and do it."
A new generation is growing up with video at its
fingertips. And the old generation is getting in tune.
Following the siren call of San Francisco's emerging
cypherpunk scene, a subculture of privacy-conscious
cryptography coders, Cohen headed west. By the time
file-sharing programs like Napster and Gnutella hit the
Net, Cohen had enough Skinny Puppy CDs that he didn't
feel the need to pirate online. Plus, he didn't think
the programs were very well written. Surfers could trade
files with each other only one at a time. As if it were
a new Rubik's puzzle, he committed himself to solving
this faster. The solution was to break up the files so
that numerous surfers could essentially upload and
download them simultaneously. In geek-speak, this is
called swarming. And it
didn't take long for people to swarm BitTorrent.
When geeks deluged BitTorrent to swap new Linux
software in early 2003, it went prime time. As one fan
blogged, "Woohoo! BitTorrent rocks!" While Cohen was
busy with his code, he never considered how it would be
used. Gary Lerhaupt, a computer science master's student
at Stanford, has embraced it as a new business model.
His start-up, Prodigem, helps artists convert their
music and films into BitTorrent files and, using
fingerprinting technology, get paid for downloads. "This
is a free culture movement that's empowering people," he
says, "You can make money by giving people open access
to your media. I don't think Hollywood realizes that
yet."
But Hollywood is trying. The watershed moment for Me
TV came on 12 October 2005, when Apple announced that
the fifth-generation iPod, the company's ubiquitous
digital music player, would support video too. Though
the screen was small (2.5 inches diagonally) and the
resolution shoddy (480 by 480, with a maximum pixel
count of 230 400), the sheer giddy mobility of the
platform was the stuff of a revolution. Video could be
everywhere.
And it was. Along with news of the video iPod, Apple
delivered the second punch, a revamped version of its
popular iTunes digital download service. In addition to
sucking down songs and audiobooks, consumers would now
be able to choose from over 2000 music videos and short
films. The biggest wave came from Disney, which reported
that episodes of ABC television shows, including the
hits "Lost" and "Desperate Housewives," would be
available for download at the cost of US $1.99 per
episode. "For the first time ever, hit prime-time shows
can be purchased online the day after they air on TV,"
said Robert Iger, CEO of the Walt Disney Company. Now
instead of BitTorrenting your favorite TV show, you
could pay for it!
But the dawn of the video iPod sent waves, of course,
back through the underground too. And concurrent with
the rise of the mobile video platform came another
movement: the dawn of the home brewers. Homebrew video
makers have taken to the Net in droves, uploading their
own content for free download. Lowcost digital cameras
and newfangled distribution outlets have spurred the
phenomenon. Vidblogs
(http://www.vidblogs.com/), and Vlog
Map (http://www.vlogmap.org/) are two
of the sites dedicated to the scene. Soldiers chronicle
the war from Iraq. Nerds vlog from the Tokyo Game Show.
While video blogs, vlogs, or whatever you want to call
them, are all the rage, they're not new. In 2000, "vog"
pioneer Adrian Miles posted what's become a manifesto:
"A vog respects bandwidth," he declares, "A vog is not
streaming video (this is not the reinvention of
television). A vog uses performative video and/or audio.
A vog is personal. A vog uses available technology. A
vog experiments with writerly video and audio. A vog
lies between writing and the televisual. A vog explores
the proximate distance of words and moving media. A vog
is Jean-Luc Godard with a Mac and a modem. A vog is a
video blog where video in a blog must be more than video
in a blog."
Vloggers have taken the manifesto to heart. Consider
"It's Jerrytime!"
(http://www.itsjerrytime.com/), a
cult hit vlog that epitomizes what people's video is all
about. The homemade series chronicles the hapless life
of Jerry, an ordinary schlub contending with the trials
of everyday life. Jerry, the star, writes the stories
and does the music. His brother, Orrin, animates the
entries with just a digital camera, Adobe After Effects,
and clip art.
The effect is something like Harvey Pekar meets Hunter
S. Thompson, a hallucinogenic take on the Sisyphean
trials of everyday life. Each episode is rendered in a
kind of skewed photorealism, where real pictures of
Jerry are cut up and rearranged in something of a
knock-off "South Park" style. In one, Jerry endures the
wrath of his mush-mouthed landlord, who breaks into his
apartment but refuses to fix a broken fridge or leaky
pipe. In another, Jerry takes a job driving a billboard
truck, only to crash it through a drive-through teller.
Who needs Pixar when you have a dude like this?
And such tricks aren't only for Adobe masters. A copy
of the old computer game Quake can also do the trick for
wannabe animators. Since the ultraviolent first-person
shooter was released 10 years ago, a subculture has
flourished around so-called Machinima:
computer-generated films made with game programs like id
Software's Quake and Epic's Unreal. Much as they would
make a computer game modification, Machinima directors
put all their action into the game world, adding
characters, graphics, sound, and dialogue. The result is
kind of like having your computer game taken over by an
NYU film student, from the Groove Tube riffs of
Blahbalicious to the
rough-and-tumble Gang
Wars. It's all there for the taking at the
main hub, Machinima.com.
Barebones vlogging is even easier to tackle. All you
need is a digital camera and a program such as Movie
Maker, which comes with Windows, or iMovie for Macs. The
site Our Media
(http://www.ourmedia.org/), a service
provided by the Internet Archive, hosts anyone's media,
from videos to photos, at no cost. Another free
alternative is Blip TV
(http://www.blip.tv/). Not
surprisingly, pay-to-play services are moving in for the
kill. Typepad
(http://www.typepad.com/), Vimeo
(http://www.vimeo.com/), and Blogware
(http://www.blogware.com/) offer
hosting for a fee.
What's next for Me TV? Cold, hard e-cash. Now that
BitTorrent and vlogging have brought video power to the
people, the next phase of online video is monetization.
Google and Yahoo have entered the game, allowing people
to search, download, and share videos. And a start-up
called Blinkx.tv
(http://www.blinkx.tv/) is refining
its own video search tool, which trolls thousands of
hours of video, from TV to vloggers.
A new generation is growing up with video at its
fingertips. And the old generation is getting in tune.
My friend Mike now has his own videos on the Web.
They're short films of his 4-year-old son dressed up
like a pirate and enacting homemade plays. The "Wish I
Had a Cat" video, alas, is still missing in action. But
stay tuned. If it ever surfaces, you'll find it online.